空压机故障检查与维护

日常维护保养中，除了要定期换油，换滤芯等易损耗件外，还需进行大量故障维修工作。转子的转速、喷油压力及油种类、压缩机排气的温度和压力等均属重要运行参数。对于装有电脑显示屏的新型机台，发生故障或需要保养时，会被控制系统检测到，并在屏幕上显示出来，因而故障较易解决 ；而对于一些旧款机台，仅用几只仪表显示压力、温度 、分离前后压降等，出现故障较难处理。以下就旧机型英格索兰 EP200风冷型850 kPa机的日常故障维修加以分析。山东空压机

In daily maintenance, in addition to regular oil change, filter element and other wearing parts, a large number of troubleshooting work is required. Rotor speed, injection pressure and oil type, compressor exhaust temperature and pressure are important operating parameters. For the new type machine with computer display screen, when it breaks down or needs maintenance, it will be detected by the control system and displayed on the screen, so the fault is easy to solve; for some old models, only a few instruments are used to display the pressure, temperature, pressure drop before and after separation, which is difficult to deal with. The following is an analysis of the daily troubleshooting of the old model Ingersoll Rand ep200 air-cooled 850 kPa machine.

1. 压缩机不能启动 检查有无控制电压。若没有，则要检查熔丝等是否完好；如果有控制电压，则检查控制继电器及时间继电器运行是否正常。

1. If the compressor cannot be started, first check whether there is control voltage. If not, check whether the fuse is in good condition; if there is control voltage, check whether the control relay and time relay operate normally.

2. 压缩机启动不畅。 开机几秒钟后自动停机从电器方面人手，如自动空气开关是否起跳，电压是否正常，进气蝶阀关闭程度是否正常(压缩机是不能带负载启动的)，以及 Y一△启动中接触器和电机三相是否正常等。

2. The compressor does not start smoothly. After starting up for a few seconds, the machine will stop automatically from the electrical aspects, such as whether the automatic air switch jumps, whether the voltage is normal, whether the closing degree of the inlet butterfly valve is normal (the compressor can not be started with load), and whether the three-phase contactor and motor during Y-delta start-up are normal.

3. 压缩机不供气 检查控制油缸有无动作，如有动作，检查蝶阀有无机械故障；如无故障，查看加载电磁ISV线圈是否有吸力；排除 ISV电磁阀机械故障和线圈故障后，再逐一排查电磁阀ISV所在的分电路。

3. If there is no air supply to the compressor, check whether the control cylinder acts, if there is action, check whether the butterfly valve has mechanical fault; if not, check whether the coil of loading electromagnetic ISV has suction; after eliminating the mechanical fault and coil fault of ISV solenoid valve, check the distribution circuit of solenoid valve ISV one by one.

4. 排气压力过低 ，检查分离前后压力，手动阀和调节电磁阀2SV等是否漏气；然后检查用气管路有无泄漏，蝶阀是否全部打开，进气调节器是否工作正常，电磁阀 3SV、8SV是否漏气，压力开关 IPS是否需重新调整等。4. The exhaust pressure is too low. First, check the pressure before and after separation, whether the manual valve and the regulating solenoid valve 2sv are leaking; then check whether the gas pipeline is leaking, whether the butterfly valve is fully opened, whether the air intake regulator is working normally, whether the solenoid valves 3sv and 8sv are leaking, whether the pressure switch IPS needs to be readjusted, etc.

5. 排气压力过高 检查进气蝶阀机构有无机械故障，加载电磁阀lsV阀有否漏气，压力开关上下限是否需重新调整。如果排气压力过高，造成阀跑气或分离前后压力变化过大，就有可能是小压力阀卡死，或油分阻塞，需更换。

5. If the exhaust pressure is too high, check whether the air inlet butterfly valve mechanism has mechanical fault, whether the LSV valve of the loading solenoid valve leaks, and whether the upper and lower limits of the pressure switch need to be readjusted. If the exhaust pressure is too high, causing the safety valve to escape or the pressure changes too much before and after separation, it may be that the minimum pressure valve is stuck or the oil content is blocked, which needs to be replaced.

6. 因压缩机进口喷油而停机 先检查断油电磁阀5SV有无电压，机械部分是否正常；若正常，则检查止逆阀，进行重新装配或更换。

6. When the compressor stops due to oil injection at the inlet of the compressor, first check whether the oil cut-off solenoid valve 5sv has voltage and whether the mechanical part is normal; if it is normal, check the check valve and carry out re assembly or replacement.

7. 排气温度过高 排气温度一般在 80～95℃。若没有足够润滑油冷却，则会使温度过高而引起故障。应检查环境温度、压缩机润滑油、油位 、油质、冷动风扇等是否正常；然后检查油冷却器 、后冷却器是否清洁，温控阀元件、断油电磁阀电压和阀体部分是否正常，如有膜片损坏、温控阀芯不动作等，则需更换；查看油过滤器是否弄脏或需更换。

7. The exhaust temperature is too high, and the exhaust temperature is generally 80-95 ℃. If there is not enough cooling oil, the temperature will be too high and cause failure. First, check whether the ambient temperature, compressor lubricating oil, oil level, oil quality and cold fan are normal; then check whether the oil cooler and after cooler are clean, whether the temperature control valve element, oil cut-off solenoid valve voltage and valve body are normal, if there is diaphragm damage, temperature control valve core does not act, etc., it needs to be replaced; finally, check whether the oil filter is dirty or needs to be replaced.

8. 压缩机油耗大 检查疏水阀排出的冷凝水含油量是否过大，压缩机油位是否偏高，小压力阀开启压力是否正常，回油管是否阻塞，油分离芯是否阻塞等。以上问题都会影响油耗，应及时处理。

8. The oil consumption of the compressor is large. Check whether the oil content of condensate water discharged from the drain valve is too large, whether the compressor oil level is high, whether the opening pressure of the minimum pressure valve is normal, whether the oil return pipe is blocked, whether the oil separation core is blocked, etc. The above problems will affect the fuel consumption and should be dealt with in time.

9. 运行中机组自动停机 ，检查机台是否正常 自动停机；然后检查自动开关和热继电器是否动作，是否引起冷却风扇电机停止，或排气温度过高，或压力过高等，以及电机电压是否正常等。

9. In operation, the unit stops automatically. First, check whether the machine stops normally; then check whether the automatic switch and thermal relay act, whether the cooling fan motor stops, or the exhaust temperature is too high or the pressure is too high, and whether the motor voltage is normal.