矿用空压机故障原因分析与解决方法

任何机械产品在使用一段时间以后，难免会出现各种各样的故障，从大故障到小故障，一是使用方法，二是机械所在的环境，都有可能造成机械的损害，空压机也不例外，而且矿用空压机的故障比一般的空压机发生故障的频率要高，因为矿用空压机的环境粉尘比较多，下面我们给大家分析一下常见的故障。

Any mechanical products in the use of a period of time, it is inevitable that there will be a variety of failures, from the big fault to the small fault, one is the use method, the other is the environment where the machinery is located, all may cause mechanical damage, air compressor is no exception, and the failure frequency of mine air compressor is higher than that of general air compressor, because the dust of mine air compressor is relatively high More, let's give you an analysis of common faults.

1、常见故障及其原因

1. Common faults and their causes

排气量不足：排气量不足是与压缩机的设计气量相比而言的。主要可从下述几方面考虑：

Insufficient displacement: the insufficient displacement is compared with the design gas volume of the compressor. It can be considered from the following aspects:

（1）进气滤清器的故障；积垢堵塞，时排气量减少，吸气管太长，管径太小，致使吸气阻力增大影响了气量，要定期清洗滤清器。

(1) Air intake filter failure; fouling blockage, when the exhaust volume is reduced, the suction pipe is too long, the pipe diameter is too small, resulting in increased suction resistance, affecting the gas volume, to regularly clean the filter.

（2）压缩机转速降低使排气量降低：空气压缩机使用不当，因空气压缩机的排气量是按一定的海拔高度、吸气温度，湿度设计的，当把它使用在超过上述标准的高原上时，吸气压力降低等，排气量必然降低。

(2) The reduction of compressor speed reduces the displacement: improper use of air compressor, because the discharge capacity of air compressor is designed according to a certain altitude, suction temperature and humidity. When it is used on the plateau that exceeds the above standards, the suction pressure will be reduced, and the exhaust volume will be reduced.

（3）气缸、活塞、活塞环磨损严重、超差，使有关间隙增大，泄漏量增大，影响到了排气量。属于正常磨损时，需及时更换易损件，如活塞环等。

(3) The cylinder, piston and piston ring are seriously worn and out of tolerance, which makes the relevant clearance increase, the leakage increases and the exhaust volume is affected. In case of normal wear, it is necessary to replace the vulnerable parts, such as piston ring, etc.

（4）填料函不严产生漏气使气量降低。其原因是填料函本身制造时不合要求；其次可能是由于在安装时，活塞杆与填料函中心对中不好，产生磨损、拉伤等造成漏气；一般在填料函处加注润滑油，它起润滑、密封、冷却作用。

(4) The stuffing box is not tight, resulting in air leakage, which reduces the gas volume. The first reason is that the stuffing box itself does not meet the requirements when it is manufactured; second, it may be due to the poor alignment between the piston rod and the stuffing box center, resulting in wear and tear, resulting in air leakage; generally, the stuffing box is filled with lubricating oil, which plays the role of lubrication, sealing and cooling.

（5）压缩机吸、排气阀的故障对排气量的影响。阀座与阀片间掉入金属碎片或其它杂物，关闭不严，形成漏气。这不仅影响排气量，而且还影响间级和温度的变化，阀座与阀片接触不严形成漏气而影响了排气量，一个是制造质量问题，如阀片翘曲等，第二是由于阀座与阀片磨损严重而形成漏气。

(5) The influence of the failure of suction and discharge valves of the compressor on the displacement. Metal fragments or other foreign matters fall between the valve seat and the valve plate, and the valve is not tightly closed, resulting in air leakage. This not only affects the air displacement, but also affects the change of interstage and temperature. The loose contact between the valve seat and the valve plate results in air leakage, which affects the air displacement. One is the manufacturing quality problem, such as the valve plate warping, and the other is the serious wear of the valve seat and valve plate.

2、排气温度不正常原因

2. Causes of abnormal exhaust temperature

（1）排气温度不正常。从理论上，影响排气温度增高的因素有：进气温度、压力比、以及压缩指数（对于空气压缩指数K=1.4）。实际情况影响到吸气温度高的因素有：中间冷却效率低，或者中冷器内水垢结多影响到换热，则后面级的吸气温度必然要高，排气温度也会高。气阀漏气，活塞环漏气，不仅影响到排气温度升高，而且也会使级间压力变化，只要压力比高于正常值就会使排气温度升高。此外，水冷式机器，缺水或水量不足均会使排气温度升高。

(1) The exhaust temperature is abnormal. Theoretically, the factors that affect the increase of exhaust temperature are inlet temperature, pressure ratio and compression index (k = 1.4 for air compression index). In fact, the factors that affect the high suction temperature are: low intermediate cooling efficiency, or more scale in the intercooler will affect the heat transfer, then the suction temperature of the later stage must be high, and the exhaust temperature will also be high. If the pressure ratio is higher than the normal value, the exhaust temperature will increase. In addition, water-cooled machines, water shortage or water shortage will make the exhaust temperature rise.

（2）压力不正常以及排气压力降低。压缩机排出的气量在额定压力下不能满足使用者的流量要求，则排气压力必然要降低，所以排气压力降低是现象，其实质是排气量不能满足使用者的要求。此时，只好换另一台排气压力相同，而排气量大的机器，影响级间压力不正常的主要原因是气阀漏气或活塞环磨损后漏气，故应从这些方面去找原因和采取措施。

(2) Abnormal pressure and reduced exhaust pressure. If the air volume discharged by the compressor can not meet the flow requirements of the user under the rated pressure, the discharge pressure must be reduced. Therefore, the decrease of the discharge pressure is a phenomenon, and the essence is that the discharge volume can not meet the requirements of the user. At this time, we have to replace another machine with the same exhaust pressure and large displacement. The main reason for the abnormal interstage pressure is the air leakage of the air valve or the worn piston ring. Therefore, we should find out the causes and take measures from these aspects.

（3）过热故障。在曲轴和轴承、十字头与滑板、填料与活塞杆等摩擦处，温度超过规定的数值称之为过热。过热所带来的后果：一个是加快摩擦副间的磨损，二是过热量的热不断积聚直致烧毁摩擦面以及烧抱而造成机器重大的事故。造成轴承过热的原因只要有：轴承与轴颈贴合不均匀或接触面积过小；轴承偏斜曲轴弯曲，润滑油粘度太小，油路堵塞，油泵有故障造成断油等；安装时没有找平，没有找好间隙，主轴与电机轴没有找正，两轴有倾斜等。

(3) Overheating fault. In the crankshaft and bearing, crosshead and sliding plate, packing and piston rod friction, the temperature exceeds the specified value is called overheating. The consequences of overheating: one is to speed up the wear between the friction pairs; the other is that the heat accumulated continuously leads to the burning of the friction surface and the burning and holding, resulting in serious accidents of the machine. The causes of bearing overheating are as follows: the bearing and journal fit unevenly or the contact area is too small; the bearing is skewed, the crankshaft is bent, the lubricating oil viscosity is too small, the oil circuit is blocked, the oil pump is out of order due to fault, etc.; during installation, there is no leveling and clearance, the main shaft and motor shaft are not aligned, and the two shafts are inclined.