空压机在打地热井洗井中的应用

打井的时候洗井是成井工艺的一个承前启后的关键工序。工程建设中地热井一般都要经过简单或复杂的洗井工艺，并采用多种洗井方法。特殊的情况下一种洗井方法多次重复使用，使地热井的水量、水温达到设计或合同指标的要求，同时尽量达到佳水量及水温，工程项目质量合格，后经抽水试验和采集水样化验，通过水量和水质检验。

Well washing is a key process of well completion technology. In engineering construction, geothermal wells usually have to go through simple or complex well flushing technology, and use a variety of well flushing methods. Under special circumstances, a well washing method is repeatedly used to make the water quantity and temperature of geothermal well meet the requirements of design or contract indicators, and try to achieve the best water quantity and temperature at the same time. The quality of the project is qualified. After pumping test and water sample test, it passes the water quantity and water quality inspection.

压缩空气洗井是比较常用的方法，需要空压机提供压缩空气(正、反循环)，震荡、抽吸内冲洗液，疏通裂隙并排除沉沙。

Compressed air well flushing is a common method, which requires air compressor to provide compressed air (positive and negative circulation), vibrate and pump internal flushing fluid, dredge cracks and remove sediment.

空压机洗井装置有并列式和同心式两种,可视况选用。此乃借助空压机的风压,使孔内水位产生振荡,冲击井管,破坏泥皮,并将孔底沉淀物一并排出地面。空压机洗井是常用的洗井方法之一。在通常的情况下,其洗井效果较好。

There are two kinds of air compressor well washing devices, parallel type and concentric type, which can be selected according to the actual situation. With the help of the air pressure of the air compressor, the water level in the hole oscillates, the well pipe is impacted, the mud skin is damaged, and the sediment at the bottom of the hole is discharged from the ground. Air compressor well flushing is one of the common well flushing methods. In general, the effect of well flushing is better.

水泵和空压机洗井。在孔径较大而又较深的钻井中,常常采用这种联合洗井方法,即将钻杆下至泥浆沉淀物附近,借助水泵将沉淀物冲至一定的高度,再借助空压机将沉淀物排出地面。这种方法对于含水层埋藏较深、泥浆沉淀物较多的井孔,其效果较好。例如在江淮红层缺水地区,地层为紫红色粘土岩,坍塌掉块严重,采用泥浆钻进。由于孔较深,钻井时间也长,泥浆糊死井壁。这样的就采用这种方法。

Water pump and air compressor well flushing. In the drilling with larger and deeper hole diameter, this kind of combined well washing method is often used, that is, the drill pipe is lowered near the mud sediment, the sediment is washed to a certain height with the help of water pump, and then the sediment is discharged from the ground with the help of air compressor. This method has a good effect for the well with deep aquifer and more mud sediment. For example, in the area of water shortage in Jianghuai red bed, the formation is purple red clay rock, which collapses seriously, so mud drilling is used. Because the hole is deep and the drilling time is long, the mud pastes the wellbore. In this way, we use this method.

压缩空气技术在地热井洗井中的应用主要是运用于地热井压缩空气洗井，地热井压缩空气洗井常用石油钻井行业的高压高排量空气压缩机，一般用空气压缩机的能力为十立方米美一百五十千克。采用反冲洗的方法，风管采用钻杆，一般下入深度五百到一千米。压缩空气洗井产生间断喷流的出水方式(水量大时连续出水)，喷流高度可达几米。

The application of compressed air technology in geothermal well flushing is mainly applied to geothermal well flushing with compressed air, which is commonly used as high-pressure and high displacement air compressor in petroleum drilling industry. Generally, the capacity of air compressor is 10 cubic meters and 150 kilograms. The back flushing method is adopted, and the air pipe is made of drill pipe, and the running depth is generally 500-1km. The method of producing intermittent jet by compressed air well flushing (continuous jet when the amount of water is large) can reach several meters.

洗井机由风管和出水管两部分组成，采用并列式安装方式。压缩空气经风管下行到达出水管一定的深度时，与出水管内的液体混合，在出水管内形成负压力，使得出水管内的液体向上进行运动，下部的泥砂及岩屑随即进入出水管内，形成气，液、固三相混合物，一同排出井外。其洗井机理与正循环相似。

The well washing machine is composed of air pipe and water outlet pipe, and is installed in parallel. When the compressed air reaches a certain depth of the outlet pipe through the air duct, it mixes with the liquid in the outlet pipe and forms a negative pressure in the outlet pipe, which makes the liquid in the outlet pipe move upward. The mud, sand and rock cuttings in the lower part immediately enter the outlet pipe and form a three-phase mixture of gas, liquid and solid, which is discharged out of the well together. The mechanism of well flushing is similar to that of positive circulation.

在相同的井内，由于洗井方法不同(洗井液上返通道不同)，其相同直径的岩屑的自由悬浮速度也不同，用相同的空压机洗井，反循环的排岩屑能力比正循环要强，排出的岩屑颗粒比正循环要大。

In the same well, the free suspension velocity of cuttings with the same diameter is different due to different well washing methods (different upward return channels of well washing fluid). When using the same air compressor to wash the well, the cuttings discharge capacity of reverse circulation is stronger than that of positive circulation, and the cuttings discharged are larger than that of positive circulation.

井中的水柱上下振荡幅度可达几百米，几百米的水柱压力的瞬间释放有助于含水层的疏通出水。根据出水持续时间和间断时间的比例可估算地热井出水能力。压缩空气洗井结束后，一般采用水泵抽水洗井试水。

The fluctuation amplitude of water column in the well can reach several hundred meters, and the instantaneous release of water column pressure of several hundred meters is helpful to dredge the aquifer. According to the ratio of the duration of water production to the interruption time, the water production capacity of geothermal wells can be estimated. After the completion of compressed air well flushing, the water pump is generally used for well flushing test.

一台四级加压、流量十立方米每分钟、很大压力二十五兆帕的高压空压机能把两千多米深的水柱顶出地面，井内一瞬间形成负压力，使地层里的水自然的冲出，能有效提高洗井速度。

A four stage pressurized high pressure air compressor with a flow rate of 10 cubic meters per minute and a very high pressure of 25 MPA can push a water column more than 2000 meters deep out of the ground. The negative pressure in the well instantly forms, which makes the water in the formation wash out naturally and effectively improves the well washing speed.

洗井是空压机比较活用的一种用途，也是建筑施工行业空压机重要的体现。

Well washing is a flexible use of air compressor, and also an important embodiment of air compressor in construction industry.